Capsule Endoscopy: How it’s Done, What to Expect & More

Capsule endoscopy has revolutionised the way gastrointestinal diseases (GI) are detected, offering a highly effective and non-invasive technique to look into the digestive tract. Compared to normal endoscopy, this approach has transformed the way gastrointestinal disorders are diagnosed. The process is not only non-invasive but also safe, making it easy for the patients to endure.

Capsule endoscopy is becoming the preferred method of surgeons due to its accuracy and precision. In this blog, we will cover everything related to the procedure, including how it works, risks, results and more.

What is Capsule Endoscopy?

Capsule endoscopy is a procedure where healthcare providers look for problems in the digestive tract. It is good for finding out issues in the areas in the small intestines where traditional endoscopy fails to reach. During the procedure, patients are required to swallow a small pill-sized capsule which has a camera inside that records images of the digestive tract. The images are then transmitted to the recorder worn by patients.

The doctors look at the pictures to detect problems to check for bleeding, tumours and other abnormalities. The capsule leaves the body through bowel movements within a day.

Why is Capsule Endoscopy Done?

Capsule endoscopy is recommended for patients to diagnose gastrointestinal disorders which are difficult to detect with normal endoscopies. Here are the main reasons why the procedure is done.

• To locate the source of unexplained bleeding in the small intestine
• To detect conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
• Visualise damage to the small intestine caused by Celiac disease
• Detection of small bowel tumours or other growth
• Unexplained abdominal bleeding.

Now, here are the most common symptoms of these conditions.

• Severe abdominal cramping or pain
• Blood in your faeces
• Diarrhea, gas and bloating
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Unexplained weight loss

Are there any Complications Involved?

Capsule endoscopy is a completely safe procedure. In rare cases, it can pose the following complications.

• Capsule retention is when the pill gets stuck in the digestive tract. It hardly happens in 2% of patients undergoing the method.
• Mild abdominal discomfort or bloating
• A feeling of nausea and even vomiting
• Infection

Even if any risks arise, they can be effectively managed under the supervision of healthcare professionals. Make sure you discuss your concerns without any delay.

How Do You Prepare for the Procedure?

To ensure that capsule endoscopy goes smoothly, here are the following pre-procedure instructions every patient should follow:

• Do not eat anything for at least 12 hours before the procedure. The stomach needs to remain empty to allow the capsule to be swallowed more easily without any interference.
• Your doctor might prescribe laxatives or stool softeners to help with bowel movements. This is important because it allows the doctors to have clear images of the GI tract.
• Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking, especially blood thinners or any other drugs that could interfere with the procedure. You will be temporarily asked to stop taking these medicines for the time being.
• On the day of the procedure, wear loose-fitting and comfortable clothes, as you will be given a recorder to wear.
• Make sure that you have someone to accompany you as there is a possibility that you might feel tired due to staying on a liquid diet for too long.

What Can you Expect Before the Procedure?

Initial consultation

Review of medical history: The doctor will ask about your medical history including previous gastrointestinal issues or any other undergoing conditions.

Pre-procedure discussion: You will have a talk with the doctor who will explain the procedure, its benefits, its purpose and specific instructions. If you have any doubts, make sure to ask your healthcare provider.

During the Procedure

Unlike traditional endoscopy, there is no need for any anaesthesia or sedation in capsule endoscopy. It is completely painless and does not cause any pain or discomfort. You will be asked to swallow a capsule that contains a miniature-sized camera inside to capture the images of the GI tract. The size of the capsule is that of a vitamin. You won’t even feel that the capsule is moving inside. However, here are the following things that you should avoid:

Avoid heavy magnets: Make sure that you don’t have an MRI until you have passed the capsule and don’t get close to an MRI machine.

Drink only clear liquids: Within the first two hours after swallowing the capsule, only stick to having liquids. Ask your healthcare provider when you can start eating again. You may need to wait up to four hours before having a meal.

Take a break: Avoid strenuous activities or exercises like any kind of sports, running, jumping or other strenuous physical activity until you have passed the capsule.

After the Procedure

Once the procedure is complete, the capsule gets excreted through bowel movements within a day. If you notice the capsule, simply flush it; don’t try to retrieve it.

You can resume normal activities right away. There are no such major restrictions. You can feel free to eat, drink and return to your usual routine.

Results

Most test results get ready in about a week. However, some reports might be a little longer. You need to visit your healthcare provider to discuss your results and any appropriate treatments.

Following capsule endoscopy, if you experience any of the complications, call your doctor right away.

• Abdominal pain, bloating or swelling
• Chest pain or difficulty swallowing.
• Constipation.
• Dehydration.
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea or vomiting

Conclusion

A capsule endoscopy is a safe, non-invasive procedure for children and adults. Your healthcare provider will recommend the test if you have signs of GI disease or other problems with your digestive system. Make sure you follow your healthcare provider’s instructions throughout the procedure. Capsule endoscopy is one of the simple and effective methods to view the inside of the digestive tract without the need for invasive procedures.